Rapid evolution of PARP genes suggests a broad role for ADP-ribosylation in host-virus conflicts.

post-translational protein modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitinylation is a common molecular target of conflict between viruses and their hosts. However, the role of post-translational modifications, such as ADP-ribosylation, in host-virus interactions are less well characterized. ADP-ribosylation performed by proteins encoded by PARP (also called ARTD) gene family. The majority of the 17 human PARP genes are poorly marked. However, one PARP protein, PARP13 / ZAP, has broad antiviral activity and has evolved under positive selection (diversification) in primates. like the typical evolution of the domain is locked in antagonistic ‘arms race’ with viral factors.

To identify additional PARP genes that may be involved in host-virus interactions, we do evolutionary analysis on all primates PARP genes to look for signs of rapid evolution. Contrary to the expectation that most of PARP genes involved in the function of ‘housekeeping’, we found that nearly a third of PARP genes that evolved under strong positive selection over and over.

We identify> 300 amino acid region PARP4 regular, dome structure cytoplasmic components, will grow rapidly in several lineages of mammals, suggesting this region serves as the interface of host-pathogen specificity is important. We also found a positive selection of PARP9, 14 and 15, only three human genes that contain both PARP and macrodomains domain. Macrodomains uniquely identify, and in some cases reverse, the protein mono-ADP-ribosylation, and we observed a strong signature of positive selection macrodomains repeated throughout the macro-PARP.

Furthermore, PARP14 and PARP15 have to undergo repeated rounds of birth and lose genes during vertebrate evolution, consistent with recurrent gene innovation. Together with previous studies that involved several PARPs in immunity, as well as those that demonstrate the role macrodomains viral encoded in the evasion of host immune, evolutionary analysis we show that addition, the recognition and elimination of ADP-ribosylation is important, the currency undervalued in the host -virus conflict.

Rapid evolution of PARP genes suggests a broad role for ADP-ribosylation in host-virus conflicts.
Rapid evolution of PARP genes suggests a broad role for ADP-ribosylation in host-virus conflicts.

genotoxic effects of exposure to the metal (loid) s. A molecular epidemiological survey of people living and working in the mining area Panasqueira, Portugal.

Previous research investigating the exposure of metal (loid) s of people living in mining areas of central Portugal Panasqueira find a higher internal dose of elements such as arsenic, chromium, lead, manganese, molybdenum and zinc in individuals exposed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of genotoxic damage caused by exposure to environmental and occupational individuals previously tested for metal (loid) level in different biological matrices, and the role of modulation possibilities genetic polymorphisms involved in the metabolism and DNA repair.

T-cell receptor mutation test, comet assay, micronucleus (MN) test and chromosomal aberrations (CA) is done in a group of 122 subjects who worked in the mines Panasqueira or stay in the same area. Modifying effect of polymorphism in GSTA2, GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1, XRCC1, APEX1, MPG, MUTYH, OGG1, PARP1, PARP4, ERCC1, ERCC4 and ERCC5 genes investigated.

a significant increase in the frequency of all investigated biomarker found in the exposed groups, but they are exposed to the environment are generally higher. a significant influence of polymorphism observed for GSTM1 deletion and at a frequency of CA OGG1 rs1052133, rs1130409 APEX1 to DNA damage, ERCC1 rs3212986 on DNA damage and CA frequencies, and ERCC4 rs1800067 in MN and CA frequencies.

PARP4 Rabbit pAb

E2508343 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP12 Rabbit pAb

A14317-100ul 100 ul
EUR 369.6

PARP12 Rabbit pAb

A14317-200ul 200 ul
EUR 550.8

PARP12 Rabbit pAb

A14317-20ul 20 ul
EUR 219.6

PARP12 Rabbit pAb

A14317-50ul 50 ul
EUR 267.6

PARP10 Rabbit pAb

A12815-100ul 100 ul
EUR 369.6

PARP10 Rabbit pAb

A12815-200ul 200 ul
EUR 550.8

PARP10 Rabbit pAb

A12815-20ul 20 ul
EUR 219.6

PARP10 Rabbit pAb

A12815-50ul 50 ul
EUR 267.6

PARP10 Rabbit pAb

E2511083 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP12 Rabbit pAb

E2514317 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP1 Rabbit pAb

A11010-100ul 100 ul
EUR 369.6

PARP1 Rabbit pAb

A11010-200ul 200 ul
EUR 550.8

PARP1 Rabbit pAb

A11010-20ul 20 ul
EUR 219.6

PARP1 Rabbit pAb

A11010-50ul 50 ul
EUR 267.6

PARP8 Rabbit pAb

A12894-100ul 100 ul
EUR 369.6

PARP8 Rabbit pAb

A12894-200ul 200 ul
EUR 550.8

PARP8 Rabbit pAb

A12894-20ul 20 ul
EUR 219.6

PARP8 Rabbit pAb

A12894-50ul 50 ul
EUR 267.6

PARP9 Rabbit pAb

A15526-100ul 100 ul
EUR 369.6

PARP9 Rabbit pAb

A15526-200ul 200 ul
EUR 550.8

PARP9 Rabbit pAb

A15526-20ul 20 ul
EUR 219.6

PARP9 Rabbit pAb

A15526-50ul 50 ul
EUR 267.6

PARP2 Rabbit pAb

A16475-100ul 100 ul
EUR 369.6

PARP2 Rabbit pAb

A16475-200ul 200 ul
EUR 550.8

PARP2 Rabbit pAb

A16475-20ul 20 ul
EUR 219.6

PARP2 Rabbit pAb

A16475-50ul 50 ul
EUR 267.6

PARP3 Rabbit pAb

A4360-100ul 100 ul
EUR 369.6

PARP3 Rabbit pAb

A4360-200ul 200 ul
EUR 550.8

PARP3 Rabbit pAb

A4360-20ul 20 ul Ask for price

PARP3 Rabbit pAb

A4360-50ul 50 ul Ask for price

PARP1 Rabbit pAb

A0010-100ul 100 ul
EUR 550.8

PARP1 Rabbit pAb

A0010-200ul 200 ul
EUR 823.2

PARP1 Rabbit pAb

A0010-20ul 20 ul
EUR 219.6

PARP1 Rabbit pAb

A0010-50ul 50 ul
EUR 369.6

PARP3 Rabbit pAb

A7297-100ul 100 ul
EUR 369.6

PARP3 Rabbit pAb

A7297-200ul 200 ul
EUR 550.8

PARP3 Rabbit pAb

A7297-20ul 20 ul
EUR 219.6

PARP3 Rabbit pAb

A7297-50ul 50 ul
EUR 267.6

PARP1 Rabbit pAb

E2500010 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP1 Rabbit pAb

E2500942 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP3 Rabbit pAb

E2507297 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP1 Rabbit pAb

E2619705 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP1 Rabbit pAb

E2510597 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP8 Rabbit pAb

E2511219 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP-1 Rabbit pAb

E2252372 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP10 (Center) Rabbit pAb

E2619789 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP Rabbit pAb

E2380451 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP Rabbit pAb

E2381835 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP Rabbit pAb

E2382828 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP16 (C-term) Rabbit pAb

E2615747 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

[KO Validated] PARP1 Rabbit pAb

A0942-100ul 100 ul
EUR 492

[KO Validated] PARP1 Rabbit pAb

A0942-200ul 200 ul
EUR 685.2

[KO Validated] PARP1 Rabbit pAb

A0942-20ul 20 ul
EUR 265.2

[KO Validated] PARP1 Rabbit pAb

A0942-50ul 50 ul
EUR 344.4

Rabbit Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase 4 (PARP4) ELISA Kit

abx363456-96tests 96 tests
EUR 990

PARP3 (N-term) Rabbit pAb

E2617255 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

Parp9 (C-term) Rabbit pAb

E2618382 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP3 (N-term) Rabbit pAb

E2620574 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP2 (C-term) Rabbit pAb

E2611912 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP1 (N-term) Rabbit pAb

E2614428 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

Parp6 (C-term 503) Rabbit pAb

E2619949 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

Cleaved PARP Rabbit pAb

E2380374 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

Cleaved PARP Rabbit pAb

E2380689 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP1 (Phospho-Ser41) Rabbit pAb

E2615251 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP1 (Phospho-Ser177) Rabbit pAb

E2615248 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP1 (Phospho-Ser274) Rabbit pAb

E2615249 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP1 (Phospho-Ser372) Rabbit pAb

E2615250 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP1 (Phospho-Ser782) Rabbit pAb

E2615252 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP1 (Phospho-Ser864) Rabbit pAb

E2615253 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP1 (Phospho-Thr368) Rabbit pAb

E2615254 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP1 (Phospho-Thr373) Rabbit pAb

E2615255 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP-1 (Cleaved-D214) Rabbit pAb

E2340270 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP1 (Phospho-Ser373) (Rat) Rabbit pAb

E2615256 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP4 siRNA

20-abx927766
  • EUR 661.20
  • EUR 878.40
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

PARP4 antibody

10R-1680 100 ug
EUR 614.4
Description: Mouse monoclonal PARP4 antibody

PARP4 Antibody

37796-100ul 100ul
EUR 302.4

PARP4 antibody

70R-33845 100 ug
EUR 392.4
Description: Rabbit polyclonal PARP4 antibody

PARP4 Antibody

ABD2386 100 ug
EUR 525.6

PARP4 Antibody

1-CSB-PA947926
  • EUR 380.40
  • EUR 292.80
  • 100ul
  • 50ul
Description: A polyclonal antibody against PARP4. Recognizes PARP4 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:1000-1:2000, IHC:1:25-1:100

PARP4 Antibody

1-CSB-PA007321
  • EUR 266.40
  • EUR 234.00
  • 100ug
  • 50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody against PARP4. Recognizes PARP4 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: IHC, ELISA;IHC:1/100-1/300.ELISA:1/10000

PARP4 Antibody

DF2386-100ul 100ul
EUR 280

PARP4 Antibody

DF2386-200ul 200ul
EUR 350

PARP4 Antibody

DF2386 100ul
EUR 280
Description: Human,Mouse

PARP4 Antibody

E037796 100μg/100μl
EUR 255
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP4 Antibody

E11-13099C 100μg
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP4 Antibody

E98343 100ul
EUR 255
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP (Cleaved-Asp214) Rabbit pAb

E2618118 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP4 Blocking Peptide

DF2386-BP 1mg
EUR 234

PARP4 Conjugated Antibody

C37796 100ul
EUR 476.4

PARP4 Polyclonal Antibody

E916749 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP4 ELISA KIT|Human

EF007039 96 Tests
EUR 826.8

Human PARP4 shRNA Plasmid

20-abx950100
  • EUR 961.20
  • EUR 1345.20
  • 150 µg
  • 300 µg

PARP1 Rabbit mAb

E2R25279 100ul
EUR 255
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PARP2 Rabbit mAb

A5945 50μL
EUR 213.2
Description: A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence within amino acids 1-100 of human TIMM50 (Q3ZCQ8).

PARP4 ORF Vector (Human) (pORF)

ORF027423 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 486

Parp4 ORF Vector (Mouse) (pORF)

ORF053400 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 1886.4

PARP4 ELISA Kit (Human) (OKCD08347)

OKCD08347 96 Wells
EUR 1170
Description: Description of target: This gene encodes poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase-like 1 protein, which is capable of catalyzing a poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction. This protein has a catalytic domain which is homologous to that of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase, but lacks an N-terminal DNA binding domain which activates the C-terminal catalytic domain of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase. Since this protein is not capable of binding DNA directly, its transferase activity may be activated by other factors such as protein-protein interaction mediated by the extensive carboxyl terminus.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: < 0.061ng/mL

PARP4 ELISA Kit (Human) (OKDD00456)

OKDD00456 96 Wells
EUR 1170
Description: Description of target: This gene encodes poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase-like 1 protein, which is capable of catalyzing a poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction. This protein has a catalytic domain which is homologous to that of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase, but lacks an N-terminal DNA binding domain which activates the C-terminal catalytic domain of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase. Since this protein is not capable of binding DNA directly, its transferase activity may be activated by other factors such as protein-protein interaction mediated by the extensive carboxyl terminus.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ;Assay info: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: < 0.061 ng/mL

Human PARP4 Protein Lysate 20ug

IHUPARP4PLLY20UG each
EUR 361
Description: Human PARP4 Protein Lysate 20ug

PARP4, His-GST-Tag Recombinant

11394 50 µg
EUR 280
Description: Recombinant human PARP4 (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 4), encompassing amino acids 2-700. This construct contains an N-terminal His-tag (6xHis) followed by a GST-tag and a Thrombin Cleavage sight to facilitate removal of the GST-tag. This recombinant protein was affinity purified.  

PARP4-AS1 ORF Vector (Human) (pORF)

ORF027424 1.0 ug DNA Ask for price

Parp4 sgRNA CRISPR Lentivector set (Mouse)

K4858201 3 x 1.0 ug
EUR 406.8

PARP4 sgRNA CRISPR Lentivector set (Human)

K1595801 3 x 1.0 ug
EUR 406.8

Rabbit anti-PARP4 Antibody

YLD5947-100ul 100 ul
EUR 320
Description: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to PARP4

Rabbit anti-PARP4 Antibody

YLD5947-50ul 50 ul
EUR 200
Description: Rabbit polyclonal antibody to PARP4

Rabbit anti-PARP4 Antibody

DL98294A-100ul 100 ul
EUR 299
Description: ADPRTL1; KIAA0177; PARPL; Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 4; PARP-4; 193 kDa vault protein; ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria toxin-like 4; ARTD4; PARP-related/IalphaI-related H5/proline-rich; PH5P; Vault poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; VPARP

Rabbit anti-PARP4 Antibody

DL98294A-50ul 50 ul
EUR 209.3
Description: ADPRTL1; KIAA0177; PARPL; Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 4; PARP-4; 193 kDa vault protein; ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria toxin-like 4; ARTD4; PARP-related/IalphaI-related H5/proline-rich; PH5P; Vault poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; VPARP

Parp4 3'UTR GFP Stable Cell Line

TU165923 1.0 ml Ask for price

PARP4 3'UTR GFP Stable Cell Line

TU067410 1.0 ml
EUR 1672.8

PARP4 Protein Vector (Human) (pPM-C-HA)

PV109692 500 ng Ask for price

PARP4 Protein Vector (Mouse) (pPM-C-HA)

PV213600 500 ng
EUR 3902.4

PARP4 Protein Vector (Human) (pPB-C-His)

PV109690 500 ng Ask for price

PARP4 Protein Vector (Human) (pPB-N-His)

PV109691 500 ng Ask for price

PARP4 Protein Vector (Human) (pPM-C-His)

PV109693 500 ng Ask for price

PARP4 Protein Vector (Mouse) (pPB-C-His)

PV213598 500 ng
EUR 3902.4

PARP4 Protein Vector (Mouse) (pPB-N-His)

PV213599 500 ng
EUR 3902.4

PARP4 Protein Vector (Mouse) (pPM-C-His)

PV213601 500 ng
EUR 3902.4

Parp4 3'UTR Luciferase Stable Cell Line

TU115923 1.0 ml Ask for price

PARP4 3'UTR Luciferase Stable Cell Line

TU017410 1.0 ml
EUR 1672.8

Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase 4 (PARP4) Antibody

20-abx174132
  • EUR 1028.40
  • EUR 526.80
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug

Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase 4 (PARP4) Antibody

20-abx119585
  • EUR 376.80
  • EUR 117.60
  • EUR 477.60
  • EUR 594.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10 ug
  • 200 ug
  • 300 µg

Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase 4 (PARP4) Antibody

abx147654-100ug 100 ug
EUR 526.8

Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase 4 (PARP4) Antibody

20-abx128291
  • EUR 510.00
  • EUR 159.60
  • EUR 1446.00
  • EUR 693.60
  • EUR 393.60
  • 100 ug
  • 10 ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 50 ug

Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase 4 (PARP4) Antibody

20-abx322903
  • EUR 376.80
  • EUR 292.80
  • 100 ug
  • 50 ug

Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase 4 (PARP4) Antibody

20-abx339348
  • EUR 493.20
  • EUR 360.00
  • 100 ul
  • 50 ul

Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase 4 (PARP4) Antibody

20-abx006130
  • EUR 493.20
  • EUR 710.40
  • EUR 218.40
  • EUR 376.80
  • 100 ul
  • 200 ul
  • 20 ul
  • 50 ul

[KO Validated] PARP Rabbit mAb

A19596 20 μL
EUR 18

[KO Validated] PARP Rabbit mAb

A19596-100ul 100 ul
EUR 492

[KO Validated] PARP Rabbit mAb

A19596-200ul 200 ul
EUR 685.2

[KO Validated] PARP Rabbit mAb

A19596-20ul 20 ul
EUR 265.2

[KO Validated] PARP Rabbit mAb

A19596-50ul 50 ul
EUR 344.4

Parp4 sgRNA CRISPR Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 1)

K4858202 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 184.8

Parp4 sgRNA CRISPR Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 2)

K4858203 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 184.8

Parp4 sgRNA CRISPR Lentivector (Mouse) (Target 3)

K4858204 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 184.8

PARP4 sgRNA CRISPR Lentivector (Human) (Target 1)

K1595802 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 184.8

PARP4 sgRNA CRISPR Lentivector (Human) (Target 2)

K1595803 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 184.8

PARP4 sgRNA CRISPR Lentivector (Human) (Target 3)

K1595804 1.0 ug DNA
EUR 184.8

Recombinant Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase 4 (PARP4)

4-RPC984Hu01
  • EUR 550.08
  • EUR 271.20
  • EUR 1732.80
  • EUR 657.60
  • EUR 1195.20
  • EUR 444.00
  • EUR 4152.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase 4 expressed in: E.coli

Recombinant Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase 4 (PARP4)

RPU51583-100ug 100ug
EUR 492.8

Recombinant Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase 4 (PARP4)

RPU51583-1mg 1mg
EUR 2184

Recombinant Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase 4 (PARP4)

RPU51583-50ug 50ug
EUR 396

Rabbit PARP ELISA Kit

ERTP0031 96Tests
EUR 625.2

PAR6 Rabbit pAb

E2382316 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PAR4 Rabbit pAb

E2252602 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

PAR3L rabbit pAb

E28PN4916 100μl
EUR 255
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

Rabbit Anti Human PARP1 Monoclonal Clone HI-16

IRBAHUPARP1HI16C100UL each
EUR 496
Description: Rabbit Anti Human PARP1 Monoclonal Clone HI-16

Human Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase 4 (PARP4) Protein

20-abx166526
  • EUR 777.60
  • EUR 326.40
  • EUR 2331.60
  • EUR 910.80
  • EUR 560.40
  • 100 ug
  • 10 ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 50 ug

Rabbit Anti Human PARP1 Monoclonal Clone BHH-16

IRBAHUPARP1BHH16C100UL each
EUR 496
Description: Rabbit Anti Human PARP1 Monoclonal Clone BHH-16

Rabbit Anti Human PARP1 Monoclonal Clone CFD-16

IRBAHUPARP1CFD16C100UL each
EUR 496
Description: Rabbit Anti Human PARP1 Monoclonal Clone CFD-16

PARG Rabbit pAb

A10577-100ul 100 ul
EUR 369.6

PARG Rabbit pAb

A10577-200ul 200 ul
EUR 550.8

Our results show that metal (loid) Panasqueira mine contamination in the area due to genotoxic damage in both the individuals working in the mines or live in the area.